Our historical understanding of the Reformation in northern Europe has tended to privilege the idea of disruption and innovation over continuity - yet even the most powerful reformation movements drew on and exchanged ideas with earlier cultural and religious practices. This volume attempts to right the balance, bringing together a roster of experts to trace the continuities between the medieval and early modern period in the Nordic realm, while enabling us to see the Reformation and its changes in a new light.

motw/Re-Forming Texts, Music, and Ch - Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen.pdf

Re-forming Texts, Music, and Church Art in the Early Modern North (Crossing Boundaries: Turku Medieval and Early Modern Studies)

Re-forming texts, music, and Church Art in the Early Modern North the restless corpse

Tuomas M.S. Lehtonen and Linda Kaljundi (Editors)

Tuomas Martti Samuel Lehtonen; Linda Kaljundi

Tuomas Martti Samuel Lehtonen, 1960-

Crossing boundaries: Turku medieval and early modern studies, 2, Amsterdam :, 2016

Crossing bounderies: Turku medieval and early modern studies, Amsterdam, 2016

Crossing boundaries (Amsterdam), Amsterdam, 2016

Netherlands, Netherlands

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 15.0

Memory of the World Librarian: Slowrotation

Cover 1
Table of Contents 6
A Note on Terms and Names 18
Acknowledgments 20
Introduction / Tuomas M.S. Lehtonen and Linda Kaljundi 22
Part I – Contextualizations and Thematizations 42
1. Popular Belief and the Disruption of Religious Practices in Reformation Sweden / Martin Berntson 44
2. Trade and the Known World: Finnish Priests’ and Laymen’s Networks in the Late Medieval Baltic Sea Region / Ilkka Leskelä 70
3. Diglossia, Authority and Tradition: The Influence of Writing on Learned and Vernacular Languages / Marco Mostert 98
Part II – Music and Religious Performances 124
4. Changes in the Poetics of Song during the Finnish Reformation / Kati Kallio 126
5. Vernacular Gregorian Chant and Lutheran Hymn-singing in Reformation-era Finland / Jorma Hannikainen and Erkki Tuppurainen 158
6. Pious Hymns and Devil’s Music: Michael Agricola (c. 1507-1557) and Jacobus Finno (c. 1540‐1588) on Church Song and Folk Beliefs / Tuomas M.S. Lehtonen 180
7. The Emergence of Hymns at the Crossroads of Folk and Christian Culture: An Episode in Early Modern Latvian Cultural History / Māra Grudule 218
Part III – Church Art and Architecture 252
8. Reform and Pragmatism: On Church Art and Architecture during the Swedish Reformation Era / Anna Nilsén 254
9. Early Lutheran Networks and Changes in the Furnishings of the Finnish Lutheran Parish Church / Hanna Pirinen 288
10. Continuity and Change: Reorganizing Sacred Space in Post-Reformation Tallinn / Merike Kurisoo 312
Part IV – The ‘Other’ and the Afterlife 356
11. Pagans into Peasants: Ethnic and Social Boundaries in Early Modern Livonia / Linda Kaljundi 358
12. Est vera India septemtrio: Re-imagining the Baltic in the Age of Discovery / Stefan Donecker 394
13. Transformations of Saint Catherine of Alexandria in Finnish Vernacular Poetry and Rituals / Irma-Riitta Järvinen 422
14. Agricola’s List (1551) and the Formation of the Estonian Pantheon / Aivar Põldvee 450
Index 476
List of Maps, Figures, Tables, and Musical Examples 8
Maps 8
Map 1 – Baltic Sea region 12
Map 2 – Baltic Sea region, 1530 13
Map 3 – Baltic Sea region, 1580 14
Map 4 – Baltic Sea region, 1630 15
Map 5 – The Swedish provinces 16
Figures 8
Figure 5.1 – A fragment from Graduale F.m. II 44 in the National Library of Finland, with Finnish translation added for the Gloria 161
Figure 5.2 – The end of the antiphon O Kunnian Kuningas (O Rex gloriose) in the Codex Westh 166
Figure 5.3 – The introit Nos autem in the Codex Westh 168
Figure 5.4 – The trope Benedicamus parvulo nato in a manuscript from Hämeenkyrö 169
Figure 5.5 – The hymn O fadher wår wij bidhie tigh in the Loimijoki manuscript (c. 1600) 174
Figure 8.1 – Gustav Vasa as the Bysta Master saw him in about 1550 257
Figure 8.2 – Gustav Vasa’s Bible, 1541; title page 259
Figure 8.3 – St. Erik. Uppsala Cathedral Chapter’s counter-seal from 1275, believed to represent his statue 261
Figure 8.4 – The Seven Sacraments. Altarpiece painted by Rogier van der Weyden, 1440-1445. Detail of the central panel, showing the Eucharist 263
Figure 8.5 – Klara church plan 267
Figure 8.6 – Läby church, Uppland. Drawing from the seventeenth century. A typical Swedish one-celled church, well-suited to the Lutheran service 268
Figure 8.7 – Katarina church in Stockholm. Original plan and elevation 269
Figure 8.8 – Two sixteenth-century pulpits 272
Figure 8.9 – Choir screen from Kongsted, Denmark 274
Figure 8.10 – Marby old church, Jämtland 277
Figure 8.11 – The Trinity in Vendel church Uppland, painted by Johannes Ivan in 1452. Below the Trinity in Hägerstad church, Östergötland, painted by Mats the Painter from Linköping in 1608 281
Figure 8.12 – Vårdsbergs church, Östergötland. St. George, painted by Mats the Painter in 1615 284
Figure 9.1 – The Hattula pulpit 296
Figure 9.2 – Lucas Cranach the Elder. The Holy Service. A motif from a prayer book, 1527 298
Figure 9.3 – Paintings from the Isokyrö church. The northern wall 301
Figure 9.4 – The bookstand of Vehmaa church 302
Figure 9.5 – Lucas Cranach the Elder, The Old and the New Testament (c. 1529) 303
Figure 10.1 – Matthäus Merian the Elder: View of Tallinn from the northwest 318
Figure 10.2 – Ornate pews for the Town Council members in St. Nicholas’s Church, 1556-1557; destroyed during the Second World War 330
Figure 10.3 – Ground plan of St. Nicholas’s Church; Heinrich Julius Woltemate, 1691 331
Figure 10.4 – Interior view to the west of St. Nicholas’s Church with seven-armed candelabrum (1519), the pews of the Brotherhood of Black Heads (1560s), and the pulpit (1624). Pulpit and benches destroyed during the Second World War 333
Figure 10.5 – Interior view to the east of St. Nicholas’s Church with the late medieval altarpiece (workshop of the Lübeck master Hermen Rode, 1478-1481) and the Calvary Group (early fifteenth century) 334
Figure 10.6 – Open view of the altarpiece of the high altar of St. Nicholas’s Church 336
Figure 10.7 – Open view of the Passion Altarpiece. The middle panel shows the praying figures of the mint master Urban Dene and the superintendent Heinrich Bock, added in the mid-sixteenth century. 339
Figure 10.8 – Epitaph of the pastor of St. Nicholas’s church, Johann Hobing, 1558 340
Figure 10.9 – Ground plan of the church of the Holy Spirit; Heinrich Julius Woltemate, 1691 343
Figure 10.10 – Antependium of St. Olaf’s Church 349
Figure 12.1 – Muscovite atrocities in the Livonian War 395
Figure 12.2 – How the Amazons Treat their Prisoners of War 396
Figure 12.3 – About the Islands recently discovered in the Indian Sea 415
Figure 14.1 – Transcript of Agricola’s list from Thomas Hiärne’s chronicle 457
Figure 14.2 – Conrad Westermayr, Wainamöinen – Finnish Orpheus 466
Tables 10
Table 5.1 – Liturgical chants in three Swedish/Finnish sources 165
Musical Examples 10
Example 5.1 – Comparison of melodies: Kyrie Lux et origo, set in Roman and Germanic forms 163
Example 5.2 – The beginning of the trope Discubuit Jesus in the Codex Westh (1546?, Finnish) and in the Henricus Thomæ manuscript (Swedish) 165
Example 5.3 – The antiphon O sacrum convivium in a manuscript from Marttila (1596, Latin) and in a handwritten appendix to Michael Agricola’s Passio (1616) from the same time (Finnish) 166
Example 5.4 – The antiphon O Rex gloriose in the Marttila manuscript (1596, Latin) and in the Codex Westh (1546, Finnish) 167
Example 5.5 – Latin and Finnish forms of the introit Nos autem in the Graduale Uskelense (A) and in the Codex Westh (B) 168
Example 5.6 – Fragments from the introits Quasi modo geniti in the manuscript of Henricus Thomæ (A, Latin) and in the Officia Missæ of M.B. Gunnærus (C, Finnish) 171
Example 5.7 – Michael Agricola’s translation of O Lamm Gottes unschuldig (Agricola, Messu, 1549) combined with the melody in the Swedish Hög manuscript (1541?) 173

2025-10-27