1945 年 7 月的三周时间里,所有人的目光都集中在潮湿的巴黎,法国名誉扫地的前国家元首在那里接受审判,被指控策划推翻民主的阴谋。凡尔登的英雄菲利普·贝当会被谴责为维希的叛徒吗?
在可怕的 1940 年 10 月,没有什么比菲利普·贝当元帅——第一次世界大战中功勋卓著的英雄、现任法国政府首脑——与希特勒握手的景象更令人震惊了。贝当停下来看着镜头,宣布法国今后将与德国合作。“这是我的政策,”他吟诵道。“我的部长们对我负责。历史将审判我一个人。”
五年后,即 1945 年 7 月,巴黎解放后发生了一波暴力报复浪潮后,贝当因其在战争期间的行为而受到审判。他被指控犯有叛国罪,被控领导阴谋摧毁法国民主政府并与纳粹德国勾结。辩方声称他牺牲了个人荣誉来拯救法国,并坚称他保护了法国人民免受纳粹的全面镇压。前抵抗者呼吁判处死刑,但许多人认同这位曾承诺有尊严地实现和平的保守派军事英雄。
朱利安·杰克逊是戴高乐里程碑式传记的获奖作者,他以贝当为期三周的审判为镜头,审视历史上最大的道德困境之一。合作政策是否如检方声称的那样“用四年时间从我们的历史中抹去”?或者,正如保守派政治家至今坚持认为的那样,这是一种将实用主义置于道德纯洁之上的牺牲?作为维希政权的首脑,贝当成为集体罪恶和报复的避雷针。但从那时起,他也一直是民族主义右翼的偶像。在《法国审判贝当元帅案》中,杰克逊将法庭戏剧、政治阴谋和精彩的历史叙事融为一体,突出了领导人在战争时期做出的艰难选择和道德妥协。

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zlib/no-category/朱利安·杰克逊 Julian Jackson 著 / 谷歌 译/法国审判贝当元帅案_26193806.epub

The Case of Marshal Pétain

France on Trial

Jackson, Julian

Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd

Ladybird Books Ltd

Penguin Books Ltd

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

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Telegraph Book of the Year
A Times , Spectator and Prospect Book of the Year
One of the great contemporary historians of France on one of the most controversial periods of twentieth-century French history
Few images more shocked the French population during the Occupation than the photograph of Marshal Philippe Pétain - the great French hero of the First World War - shaking the hand of Hitler on 20 October 1940. In a radio speech after this meeting, Pétain told the French people that he was 'entering down the road of collaboration'. He ended with the words: 'This is my policy. My ministers are responsible to me. It is I alone who will be judged by History.' Five years later, in July 1945, the hour of judgement - if not yet the judgement of History - arrived. Pétain was brought before a specially created High Court to answer for his conduct between the signing of the armistice with Germany in June 1940 and the Liberation of France in August 1944.
Julian Jackson uses Pétain's three-week trial as a lens through which to examine the central crisis of twentieth-century French history - the defeat of 1940, the signing of the armistice and Vichy's policy of collaboration - what the main prosecutor Mornet called 'four years to erase from our history'. As head of the Vichy regime in the Second, Pétain became one of France's most notorious public figures, and the lightening-rod for collective guilt and retribution immediately after the Second World War. In France on Trial Jackson blends politics and personal drama to explore how different national factions sought to try to claim the past, or establish their interpretation of it, as a way of claiming the present and future.

2023-09-19