In book: 1600 – Cultural change in the shadow of the Thera-Eruption? 4th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany. October 14–16, 2011 in Halle (Saale). — Halle (Saale), 2013. — pp. 37-48. The Minoan Eruption of Santorini in the Late Bronze Age was one of the strongest experienced by humankind. Before the eruption, the shape of Santorini was similar to the one it has today: There was a ring-island: a water-filled caldera with an island in the centre. The caldera had an opening to the southwest. The eruption not only changed the shape of that ring-island but also buried flourishing settlements under a thick layer of pumice and ashes. All life on Santorini was destroyed. The Minoan Eruption left a synchronous layer of tephra over the eastern Mediterranean region which is an important marker of chronology. For example, when two olive trees, buried alive in the pumice of the Minoan Eruption, were found in 2003 and 2007, it was possible to determine a precise radiocarbon date: 1613 ± 13 cal. B.C. Besides the destruction on Santorini itself the entire region was hit by earthquakes, tsunamis, floating pumice, and ash fall. Tsunamis must have devastated the coastal areas of adjacent islands, as recently evidenced on the north coast of Crete. Meanwhile, the eruption cloud might have triggered global climatic changes that resulted in the destruction of harvests in the Eastern Mediterranean. These, together with the destruction of the Minoan fleet by tsunamis, must have had severe effects on the trade network in the area – for a few generations at least.

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