"American Government in Black and White: Diversity and Democracy, Third Edition, is a unique introduction to American government that uses racial and ethnic equality as its underlying theme. Authors Paula D. McClain and Steven C. Tauber address issues of inequality in major facets of government, including the U.S. Constitution, key American political institutions and instruments of political behavior, and the making of public policy. Engaging the original voices of racial and ethnic actors in our nation's history, they show students how to measure and evaluate the importance of equality in America, from its founding up to today. The third edition has been thoroughly updated to cover recent political events, including the 2016 presidential election campaigns and outcomes" -- From the publisher.;American government and politics in a radically divided world -- The constitution: rights and race intertwined -- Federalism: balancing power, balancing rights -- Civil liberties: freedom and government authority in tension -- Civil rights: inequality and equality -- Congress: representation and lawmaking -- The presidency: conventional wisdom redefined -- The bureaucracy: career government employees, accountability, and race -- The judiciary: blending law and politics -- Public opinion: divided by race? -- The media: reinforcing racial stereotypes? -- Social movements: civil rights as a movement model -- Interest groups: good outcomes with few resources -- Political parties: linking voters and governing institutions -- Voting and elections: from Obama to Clinton -- The making of domestic and foreign policy.

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Paula Denice McClain; Steven C. Tauber

IRL Press at Oxford University Press

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

German Historical Institute London

Oxford University Press, USA

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Third edition, New York, NY, 2016

Third edition, New York, 2017

3, 2018

3, 2017

lg2662422

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1

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Memory of the World Librarian: outernationale

类型: 图书

出版日期: 2017

出版社: Oxford University Press, USA

Cover 1
Title Page 2
Copyright 3
Dedication 4
Brief Contents 6
Contents 7
To the Student 14
New to the Third Edition 15
Revisions to the 2016 Election Update 16
Organization of This Book 16
Note about Terminology 18
Chapter Features 20
Ensuring Student Success 20
Packaging Options 23
Acknowledgments 23
CHAPTER 1: American Government and Politics in a Racially Divided World 28
The Nature of Government 31
The Functions of Government 32
The Types of Government 33
Principles of Constitutional Democracies 34
The Rule of Law 35
Natural Law 35
Natural Rights 36
Foundations of American Government 36
Classical Liberalism 36
Classical Republicanism 39
Tradition of Exclusion (Inegalitarianism) 42
our voices: Lemuel Haynes—Republicanism and Slavery 44
evaluating equality: Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings 46
Exclusion and the Founding 47
measuring equality: Who Was Eligible to Be Included in “We the People”? 49
Conclusion 51
REVIEW QUESTIONS 51
KEY TERMS 51
ADDITIONAL READINGS 52
CHAPTER 2: The Constitution: Rights and Race Intertwined 54
A Revolution for Independence 56
The Road to Revolution 56
Declaring Independence 58
First Attempt at National Government: The Articles of Confederation 62
A Limited National Government 62
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 63
our voices: Prince Hall (1748–1807) 64
Second Attempt at National Government: The Constitution 64
The Convention Delegates 65
Forming a New Government 65
The Great Compromise 68
Debate over Ratification 70
The Bill of Rights 72
measuring equality: whom Did the Framers Represent? 66
evaluating equality: The Effect of the Three-Fifths Compromise on the Political Power of the South 71
National Government Under the Constitution 74
National Supremacy 74
The Legislative Branch 74
The Executive Branch 76
The Judicial Branch 76
Liberalized Amendment Rules 76
Planning for Potential Pitfalls 77
Separating Powers 77
Varying Terms of Office 77
Selecting National Government Officials 79
Qualifying for National Office 80
Instituting Checks and Balances 80
Conclusion 81
CHAPTER 3: Federalism: Balancing Power, Balancing Rights 84
Federalism and State and Local Governments 87
State Legislatures 89
Governors 90
State Courts 93
Local Governments 96
measuring equality : Black and Latino Representation in State Legislatures 91
Federalism and the Constitution 97
The Constitution and National Government Power 99
Constitutional Amendments and National Power 101
The Constitution and State Power 101
The Evolution of American Federalism 102
Federalism in the Early Republic and Industrialization 102
Dual Federalism and the Ascendency of State Autonomy 105
Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government 109
The Era of Devolution 116
our voices: John Marshall and the Status of Indian Tribes 106
Evaluating Equality: Shelby County (AL) v. Holder and Section 4 of Voting Rights Act 114
Conclusion 121
CHAPTER 4: Civil Liberties: Freedom and Government Authority in Tension 126
The Bill of Rights 130
Origins of the Bill of Rights 130
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 130
Freedom of Expression 132
Political Dissent 132
Pornography and Offensive Speech 133
Freedom of the Press 135
Freedom of Religion 137
Establishment of Religion 137
Free Exercise of Religion 138
Criminal Justice 139
Investigation 139
Trial 143
Punishment 147
our voices: The Right to Practice Nontraditional Religions (Employment Division v. Smith) 141
evaluating equality: Recognizing and Debating Conflicting Values in Political Cartoons on Racial Profiling in Fighting Terrorism 144
Privacy 149
Personal Autonomy 152
Reproductive Freedom 153
measuring equality: Discrimination, Death Row Population, and Executions in States with the Death Penalty 149
Conclusion 155
CHAPTER 5: Civil Rights: Inequality and Equality 158
Civil Rights Terms and Concepts 161
Group Designation 161
Forms of Inequality 163
Segregation 163
Race, Ethnicity, and Civil Rights 164
Blacks 165
Latinos 178
Asian Americans 185
American Indians 186
our voices: South Carolina’s Black Codes 168
measuring equality: Voter Registration and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 174
evaluating equality: Terminology and Support for Illegal Immigration Reform 183
Nonracial and Ethnic Struggles for Civil Rights 188
Women 189
Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and the Transgendered 191
Elderly and Disabled 194
Conclusion 194
CHAPTER 6: Congress: Representation and Lawmaking 198
The Nature of Congressional Representation 201
The Unrepresented 201
Districts 204
Members of Congress 205
our voices: Nonvoting Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton and Representation for Washington, DC 203
evaluating equality: Should the Race or Ethnicity of a Representative Matter? 208
Congressional Organization and Leadership 209
Leadership in the House 211
Leadership in the Senate 212
Committees 213
Informal Organizations 216
The Lawmaking Process 217
Activity on the House Floor 218
Action on the Senate Floor 219
Reconciling Differences Between House and Senate Bills 220
Nonlawmaking Functions of Congress 220
Influences on Congressional Decision-Making 222
Constituents 222
Party Leaders 224
Colleagues 224
Interest Groups 227
Staff 228
measuring equality: The Influence of Race and Political Party on Congressional Voting 225
Conclusion 228
CHAPTER 7: The Presidency: Conventional Wisdom Redefined 232
Becoming President 235
Diversity 235
our voices: Barack Obama’s First Inaugural Address, January 20, 2009 237
measuring equality: Scatterplots of Obama and Trump Vote and Minority Populations 240
The Presidential Selection Process 236
Financing Presidential Campaigns 239
Presidential Power 243
Administrative Powers of the President 245
Foreign Powers of the President 248
Domestic Powers of the President 250
Executive Branch Organization 252
The Vice President 253
The President’s Spouse 254
The Cabinet 255
The Executive Office of the President 258
The White House Staff 260
Presidents and Congress 261
Negotiating with Congress 261
Presidents and the Public 264
Congressional Investigations of the Executive Branch 266
evaluating equality: Racial and Ethnic Representation in the Executive Branch 262
Conclusion 267
CHAPTER 8: The Bureaucracy: Career Government Employees, Accountability, and Race 270
Bureaucratic Organization 273
Cabinet Departments 273
Independent Regulatory Commissions 276
Independent Executive Agencies 277
Government Corporations 280
our voices: The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and the Controversy over Florida and the 2000 Election 279
The Bureaucrats 280
Politics versus Merit 280
Diversity 282
evaluating equality: Diversity in the Bureaucracy: The Case of the Bureau of Indian Affairs 283
Bureaucratic Policymaking and Power 284
Implementation 284
Sources of Bureaucratic Power 288
measuring equality: Minority Representation in the Federal Civilian Workforce 286
Controlling Bureaucracies 289
Executive Control over Bureaucracies 289
Legislative Control over Bureaucracies 291
Judicial Control over Bureaucracies 293
Conclusion 293
CHAPTER 9: The Judiciary: Blending Law and Politics 296
Law and Courts 299
Dimensions of Law 299
Organization of the Federal Judiciary 300
Judicial Powers and Limitations 302
The Origins and Development of Judicial Review 302
Judicial Review and Constitutional Interpretation 303
Judicial Review and Civil Rights 304
Limitations on the Courts 305
evaluating equality: Judicial Review, Legal Interpretation, and Civil Rights 305
Judicial Selection 307
Nominating Judges 308
Confirming Judges 309
Race and Ethnicity and Judicial Nominations 313
measuring equality: Presidents’ Records of Minority Judicial Appointments to the Lower Federal Courts 314
Decision-Making on the Supreme Court 317
Decision-Making Procedures 317
The Influence of a Judge’s Background on Judicial Decision-Making 318
Attorney Influence on Court Decision-Making 319
our voices: Opinions of African American Supreme Court Justices 320
Conclusion 321
CHAPTER 10: Public Opinion: Divided By Race? 324
Public Opinion Overview 326
our voices: Transcript of Conversation between Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi (Sunday, September 20, 1962) 328
Political Culture and Public Opinion 329
Political Socialization 330
Expressions of Public Opinion 331
Measuring Public Opinion 332
The Mechanics of Polling 333
How the Sample Is Drawn 333
How a Question Is Worded 335
When a Question Is Asked within the Survey 336
When Data Are Gathered 337
How Data Are Gathered 338
Race, Gender, and Public Opinion 339
Race 340
Gender 343
Demographic Factors 348
Partisan Identification 350
The Media 351
evaluating equality: Differences in Perception of Racism against Black Americans 341
measuring equality: Donald Trump, Barack Obama, and the “Birthers” 347
The Bradley Effect 353
Public Opinion and Politics 354
Conclusion 356
CHAPTER 11: The Media: Reinforcing Racial Stereotypes? 358
A History of Media and Politics 361
Print Media 361
Broadcast Radio and Television 365
Cable and Satellite 367
The Internet and Social Media 369
The Media Industry 372
The Media Business 373
Media Personnel 373
Press Coverage of Politics and Government Officials and Institutions 374
Reporting of Elections 377
Coverage of Government Officials and Institutions 379
Government Regulation 380
our voices: The Liberator and Abolitionism 364
measuring equality: Racial and Ethnic Minority Representation in the Media 375
Conclusion 382
evaluating equality: Racial Bias in the Press Coverage of Hurricane Katrina? 382
CHAPTER 12: Social Movements: Civil Rights as a Movement Model 386
A Social Movement Defined 388
Conditions That Give Rise to Social Movements 389
Social Movements and Democracy 391
Successful American Social Movements 394
The Civil Rights Movement 394
The Women’s Suffrage and Women’s Rights Movements 400
The Labor Movement 406
The Environmental Movement 410
The Anti–Vietnam War Movement 411
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Movement 414
our voices: Excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail 399
evaluating equality: What Arguments Did Supporters and Opponents of the ERA Put Forth? 405
measuring equality: Unions and Wages 409
Other Important U.S. Social Movements 420
The Chicano Civil Rights Movement 420
American Indian Movement 421
Asian American Movement 421
The Antinuclear Movement 422
Religious Fundamentalist Movement 422
Why Some Social Movements Decline and Some Fail 423
Factors That Contribute to Social Movement Decline 423
Factors That Contribute to Social Movement Failure 424
Social Movement or Political Activism? 426
Black Lives Matter 426
Tea Party 428
Conclusion 429
CHAPTER 13: Interest Groups: Good Outcomes with Few Resources 432
Interest Groups and Their Functions 434
our voices: Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862–1931) 435
A Group-Based View of American Politics 436
Pluralism 436
Criticisms of Pluralism 437
Interest Group Formation 438
Types of Interest Groups 439
Economic Interest Groups 441
Noneconomic Interest Groups 446
evaluating equality: The AMA Apologizes to Black Physicians 445
Techniques of Interest Groups 450
Lobbying 451
Electioneering 452
Education 454
Litigation 455
Media Campaigns 456
Factors That Make Interest Groups Effective 458
Political and Financial Inequalities 459
measuring equality: Selected Racial and Ethnic Interest Groups and Their Resources 460
Conclusion 462
CHAPTER 14: Political Parties: Linking Voters and Governing Institutions 464
The Development of the Two-Party System 466
The Early Parties 466
Realignment and Republican Party Dominance 469
The New Deal Coalition and Democratic Party Dominance 471
The End of Party Dominance and the Rise of Party Competition 472
Minor Parties 474
Party Organization 474
National Party Conventions 476
National Party Committees 479
State and Local Organizations 481
evaluating equality: Minor Parties and Racial and Ethnic Minorities 475
our voices: Political Party Platforms and Civil Rights 480
Parties and Voters 483
Party Identification 483
Parties and Group Attachments 484
measuring equality: Latinos, Religious Preference, and Party Support 488
Conclusion 490
CHAPTER 15: Voting and Elections: The End of the Obama Era 492
The Electoral Process: Nominating a Candidate 495
Caucuses 495
Primary Elections 498
Party Conventions 502
measuring equality: Obama’s Attention to Caucus States in the 2008 Presidential Election 500
General Elections 507
Electing the President: How the Electoral College Works 507
Campaigning for Elections 510
Developing a Campaign Strategy 511
Financing a Campaign 514
Running a Campaign 517
Winning the Election: How Elections Are Decided 522
Voting 523
Factors That Affect Voter Participation 523
Why Americans Do Not Vote 525
Voter ID Laws 527
evaluating equality: Calculating Voting Turnout Rates 526
Demographics and Voting 529
Race 529
Gender 532
Age 532
Marital Status 532
Socioeconomic Status 533
Region 533
The 2016 Presidential Election 534
our voices: Excerpts from Hillary Clinton’s Speech on Donald Trump, the “Alt-Right” Movement, and Mainstreaming Racism* 541
Conclusion 543
CHAPTER 16: The Making of Domestic and Foreign Policy: Summing Up American Government in Black and White 546
Agenda-Setting 548
Social Movements, Interest Groups, and Agenda-Setting 549
The Media and Agenda-Setting 551
Policy Enactment 552
Policy Formulation 555
Policy Adoption 558
our voices: President Obama’s 2009 Cairo Speech 553
evaluating equality: Racial Prejudice and the Public Debate over the Adoption of Health Care Reform Policies 561
Postenactment Stages 562
Policy Implementation 562
Policy Evaluation 565
measuring equality: Racial Disparities in the Punishment of Drug Offenders 566
Conclusion 568
Appendix I: The Declaration of Independence 570
Appendix II: The Constitution 573
Glossary 593
Notes 606
Credits 643
Index 647

2020-07-26