Suicide is one of the most important causes of death in modern societies. To develop more effective preventive measures, we have to be aware of and learn more about its neurobiological foundations. In recent years, the tools of modern neurosciences have increasingly been utilized to characterize the pathophysiology of complex human behaviors such as suicide. To improve suicide risk assessment and suicide prevention, a better understanding of its pathophysiology is crucial. This includes research from a variety of disciplines such as neuropsychological, psychosocial and cultural studies but also findings from biochemistry, neuropathology, electrophysiology, immunology, neuroimaging, genetics, and epigenetics. Important results have, for example, been obtained in the field of gene-environment interaction and suicidal behavior. We have just begun to understand how early-life adversity may increase suicide risk by epigenetic mechanisms. Based on such insights, novel therapeutic interventions and preventive measures can be developed. Furthermore, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in suicidal behavior could reveal the mechanism of compounds like lithium salts. In this book, suicidal behavior and its prevention is discussed by international experts in the light of the most recent results from a broad spectrum of neurosciences.
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motw/Biological Aspects of Suicidal - W. P. Kaschka.pdf

Kaschka, W.P.; Rujescu, D.; Kaschka, W. P.

W. P. Kaschka; D. Rujescu; W. F. Gattaz

Wolfgang P Kaschka; Dan Rujescu

D Rujescu; Wolfgang P Kaschka

admin

Verlag S. Karger AG

Advances in biological psychiatry, Basel [Switzerland, cop. 2016

Advances in Biological Psychiatry, 2015

Switzerland, Switzerland

1, 2015

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 11.0 (Windows)

Memory of the World Librarian: Slowrotation

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover 1
Front Matter 4
Contents 6
Preface 8
References 10
Global Suicide 12
Abstract 12
Suicide Mortality Rates 13
The Proportion of Male and Female Suicides 15
Age Patterns 17
Suicide Methods 19
Suicide Attempts 19
Suicide Prevention 20
References 20
Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attemptsand Completed Suicide in Adolescents: Neurobiological Aspects 22
Abstract 22
The Neurobiology of Suicidal Behavior 23
The Serotonergic System 23
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 25
Signal Transduction Studies in Teenage Suicide 25
Protein Kinase A 26
Protein Kinase C 26
Phospholipase C in Suicide 27
Transcription Factor CREB 27
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Tyrosine Kinase B Receptors in Suicide 28
Cytokines and Suicidal Behavior 29
Conclusion 29
References 30
Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Neurotransmitter Systems in Suicide 32
Abstract 32
Serotonergic System in Suicide 33
Noradrenergic System in Suicide 36
Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms and Suicide 38
Conclusion 43
Acknowledgments 44
References 44
GABA, Depression and Suicide 48
Abstract 48
Brief Summary of Current Research on Suicide 49
Early Studies of the GABA System in Suicide 50
GABA in Depression: Evidence from Human Postmortem Studies from Our Research Group 51
Reduced Markers of GABA-Related Dendritic Inhibition in Major Depression 51
A Model Linking Reduced GABA-Mediated Dendritic Inhibition with Increased Focus on the Self in Major Depression 53
Somatostatin-Related GABA Measures in Major Depressive Disorder According to Suicide Status 54
GABA, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Suicide 57
Conclusion 58
Acknowledgments 58
References 58
Genetics of Suicidal Behavior 62
Abstract 62
Heritability of Suicidal Behavior 62
Association Studies of Suicidal Behavior 64
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Suicidal Behavior 68
References 70
Gene-Environment Interaction Studies in Suicidal Behaviour 74
Abstract 74
Genetic Basis of Suicidal Behaviour 75
Gene Environment Interaction Studies in Suicidal Behaviour 76
Discussion and Conclusions 81
References 82
Epigenetics of Suicidal Behaviour 86
Abstract 86
Suicide Risk and Early-Life Adversity 86
Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression 87
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 89
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene 91
Serotoninergic Genes 92
Genome-Wide Epigenetic Changes 93
Conclusion 94
References 94
Neurocognitive Processes and Decision Making in Suicidal Behaviour 99
Abstract 99
A Stress-Diathesis Model of Suicidal Behaviour 99
Decision-Making Findings 100
Cognitive Control Findings 101
Memory Findings 103
Discussion 104
Conclusion 106
References 107
Electroencephalographic Risk Markers of Suicidal Behaviour 112
Abstract 112
Abnormal EEG Recordings during Sleep 114
Paroxysmal EEG Events: Small Sharp Spikes 114
EEG Event-Related Potentials 115
A Predictive Role for EEG in Suicide Prevention? 117
Conclusion 118
References 119
Neuroimaging of Suicidal Behavior 121
Abstract 121
Pharmacological Neuroimaging 122
Spectroscopy Neuroimaging 123
Structural Neuroimaging 123
Functional Neuroimaging 126
Conclusion 128
A Tentative Neuroanatomical Model of Suicidal Behavior 129
References 130
Inflammation and Suicidal Behavior 134
Abstract 134
Risk Factors for Suicide 135
Sickness Behavior 135
Inflammation, Depression and Other Psychiatric Conditions 136
Inflammation and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior 137
Downstream Factors 138
Upstream Factors Associated with Inflammation and Suicidal Behavior 141
Conclusion 149
Acknowledgments 149
References 149
The Contributions of Lithium and Clozapine for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Suicidal Behavior 156
Abstract 156
Lithium 158
Clozapine 166
References 168
Challenges for Future Research and Closing Remarks 172
Author Index 175
Subject Index 176
Cover 182

Global suicide / Varnik, P.; Wasserman, D
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and completed suicide in adolescents : neurobiological aspects / Sarchiapone, M.; D'Aulerio, M.; Iosue, M
Serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in suicide / Dwivedi, Y
GABA, depression and suicide / Pabba, M.; Sibille, E
Genetics of suicidal behavior / Giegling, I.; Rujescu, D
Gene-environment interaction studies in suicidal behaviour / Mandelli, L.; Serretti, A
Epigenetics of suicidal behaviour / Turecki, G
Neurocognitive processes and decision making in suicidal behaviour / Richard-Devantoy, S.; Courtet, P
Electroencephalographic risk markers of suicidal behaviour / Hodgkinson, S.; Steyer, J.; Kaschka, W.P.; Jandl, M
Neuroimaging of suicidal behavior / Jollant, F
Inflammation and suicidal behavior / Postolache, T.T.; Manalai, P.; Brenner, L.A.; Brundin, L
The contributions of lithium and clozapine for the prophylaxis and treatment of suicidal behavior / Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.; Lewitzka, U
Challenges for future research and closing remarks / Rujescu, D.; Kaschka, I.N.; Kaschka, W.P.

2025-10-27