The originators of classical political economy—Adam Smith, David Ricardo, James Steuart, and others—created a discourse that explained the logic, the origin, and, in many respects, the essential rightness of capitalism. But, in the great texts of that discourse, these writers downplayed a crucial requirement for capitalism’s creation: For it to succeed, peasants would have to abandon their self-sufficient lifestyle and go to work for wages in a factory. Why would they willingly do this?
Clearly, they did not go willingly. As Michael Perelman shows, they were forced into the factories with the active support of the same economists who were making theoretical claims for capitalism as a self-correcting mechanism that thrived without needing government intervention. Directly contradicting the laissez-faire principles they claimed to espouse, these men advocated government policies that deprived the peasantry of the means for self-provision in order to coerce these small farmers into wage labor. To show how Adam Smith and the other classical economists appear to have deliberately obscured the nature of the control of labor and how policies attacking the economic independence of the rural peasantry were essentially conceived to foster primitive accumulation, Perelman examines diaries, letters, and the more practical writings of the classical economists. He argues that these private and practical writings reveal the real intentions and goals of classical political economy—to separate a rural peasantry from their access to land.
This rereading of the history of classical political economy sheds important light on the rise of capitalism to its present state of world dominance. Historians of political economy and Marxist thought will find that this book broadens their understanding of how capitalism took hold in the industrial age.

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MICHAEL PERELMAN

Duke University Press Books

Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 2000

United States, United States of America

Illustrated, PS, 2000

Subsequent, 2000

December 2000

lg2675136

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The originators of classical political economy -- Adam Smith, David Ricardo, James Steuart, and others -- created a discourse that explained the logic, the origin, and, in many respects, the essential rightness of capitalism. But, in the great texts of that discourse, these writers downplayed a crucial requirement for capitalism's creation: For it to succeed, peasants would have to abandon their self-sufficient lifestyle and go to work for wages in a factory. Why would they willingly do this?Clearly, they did not go willingly. As Michael Perelman shows, they were forced into the factories with the active support of the same economists who were making theoretical claims for capitalism as a self-correcting mechanism that thrived without needing government intervention. Directly contradicting the laissez-faire principles they claimed to espouse, these men advocated government policies that deprived the peasantry of the means for self-provision in order to coerce these small farmers into wage labor. To show how Adam Smith and the other classical economists appear to have deliberately obscured the nature of the control of labor and how policies attacking the economic independence of the rural peasantry were essentially conceived to foster primitive accumulation, Perelman examines diaries, letters, and the more practical writings of the classical economists. He argues that these private and practical writings reveal the real intentions and goals of classical political economy -- to separate a rural peasantry from their access to land.This rereading of the history of classical political economy sheds important light on the rise of capitalism to its present state of world dominance.Historians of political economy and Marxist thought will find that this book broadens their understanding of how capitalism took hold in the industrial age.

Introduction: Dark Designs 1. The Enduring Importance of Primitive Accumulation 2. The Theory of Primitive Accumulation 3. Primitive Accumulation and the Game Laws 4. The Social Division of Labor and Household Production 5. Elaborating the Model of Primitive Accumulation 6. The Dawn of Political Economy 7. Sir James Steuart's Secret History of Primitive Accumulation 8. Adam Smith's Charming Obfuscation of Class 9. The Revisionist History of Professor Adam Smith 10. Adam Smith and the Ideological Role of the Colonies 11. Benjamin Franklin and the Smithian Ideology of Slavery and Wage Labor 12. The Classics as Cossacks: Classical Political Economy versus the Working Class 13. The Counterattack 14. Notes on Development Conclusion References Index

Common fields and pastures kept alive a vigorous co-operative spirit in the community; enclosures starved it.

2020-07-26