## Abstract
Chapter 1 presents the core empirical questions that motivate this study: how did forced-settlement colonies, where European colonists established large-scale agricultural plantations with enslaved African labor, emerge from colonial rule with favorable development outcomes relative to colonies of occupation, where Europeans dominated indigenous nonwhite populations that predate the onset of Western overseas colonization? The chapter highlights the distinctive patterns of state-building and the liberal institutional reforms that facilitated the long-term development of forced-settlement colonies following the abolition of slavery in the New World. By contrast, European colonists established harsh and arbitrary “native legal codes” that undermined the legal rights and political agency of indigenous nonwhite colonial subjects following the abolition of slavery in the New World. This chapter presents the book’s core arguments, empirical results, and the research methodology that is used to measure and explain the favorable developmental legacies of forced settlement relative to colonial occupation across multiple colonial empires.

Ruling Emancipated Slaves and Indigenous Subjects : The Divergent Legacies of Forced Settlement and Colonial Occupation in the Global South

Oxford University Press, Incorporated

IRL Press at Oxford University Press

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

German Historical Institute London

OXFORD UNIV PRESS US

Oxford University Press USA, New York, NY, 2023

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

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Referenced by: doi:10.7312/columbia/9780231162630.003.0006 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-73770-3_7 doi:10.2139/ssrn.2285632 doi:10.1093/0198296452.003.0009 doi:10.1093/0198296452.003.0025 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-38515-7_4 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-73770-3_4 doi:10.1017/cbo9780511605390.006 doi:10.1515/9781685851170-009 doi:10.1017/cbo9780511806414.009 doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778742.005 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_2 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-73770-3_11 doi:10.1057/9781403982681_6 doi:10.4324/9780429307485-2 doi:10.11126/stanford/9780804760201.003.0006 doi:10.2139/ssrn.2484020 doi:10.1007/978-1-349-73770-3_2 doi:10.1093/0198296452.003.0044 doi:10.1017/cbo9781139342667.004 doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197265208.003.0002 doi:10.1093/0195305191.003.0003

An examination of the divergent developmental legacies of forced settlement and colonial occupation on both sides of the Black Atlantic world. The European powers that colonized much of the world over the last few hundred years created a variety of social systems in their various colonies. In Ruling Emancipated Slaves and Indigenous Subjects, Olukunle P. Owolabi explores the divergent developmental trajectories of Global South nations that were shaped by forced settlement, where European colonists imported African slaves to establish large-scale agricultural plantations, or by colonial occupation, which resulted in the exploitation of indigenous non-white populations. Owolabi shows that most forced settlement colonies emerged from European domination with higher levels of education attainment, greater postcolonial democratization, and favorable human development outcomes relative to Global South countries that emerged from colonial occupation after 1945. To explain this paradox, he examines the distinctive legal-administrative institutions that were used to control indigenous colonial subjects and highlights the impact of liberal reforms that expanded the legal rights and political agency of former slaves following abolition. Spanning three centuries of colonial history and postcolonial development, this is the first book to systematically examine the distinctive patterns of state-building that resulted from forced settlement and colonial occupation in the Black Atlantic world.

In this book, Olukunle Olowabi explores the divergent developmental consequences of nations in the Global South that were shaped on the one hand by forced settlement, where European colonists established large-scale agricultural plantations with enslaved African labour, and on the other by colonial occupation. He shows that most forced settlement colonies emerged from European domination with higher levels of education attainment, greater postcolonial democratization, and favourable human development outcomes relative to Global South countries that emerged from colonial occupation after 1945